The most frequent deformation of female feet resulting from wearing high-heeled shoes, pointed shoes or from innate predisposition of the soft ligaments. These factors cause toe deformation and protuberance on the side of the foot often accompanied with claw-like bending of the toes. The surgery type depends on the level of the deformity and involves either only the soft tissues, which requires fixation, or also the bones, which requires at least plastic fixation. After removal of the fixation the patient can start rehabilitation and it is recommended to prevent future recurrence of the deformation by wearing healthy shoes and proper foot care.
 

Injuries in sport often damage one of the most substantial knee stabilisers – the proximal cross ligament, which does not reunite and cannot be sutured. That is why it needs to be replaced with a graft, especially in the case of active athletes. The graft is taken either from the knee stretching muscle tendon with part of the bone, or solely from the knee bending muscle tendon. Both surgeries are performed under control of a video camera inside the knee. The graft is fixed to the original place in the knee in a way allowing for successful healing after the surgery. The patient strengthens his muscles after the surgery to achieve full load of the knee on condition of recovery of full muscle strength and bend radius after 5 – 6 months from the surgery. The most frequent complications connected with this operation include infections.
 

Wear of the hip and the knee joint – arthritis – is a disease resulting from wear of the joint surfaces and the surrounding bone. This disease most frequently occurs in the area of the joints bearing most of the body weight. In the beginning the disease manifests itself by occasional pain under load when the damage to the cartilage extends to the surrounding bone where the disease manifestations occur. Later the pain also appears in the night or when the joint is resting and the disease is connected with reduced mobility of the joint, deformation or reduction of the extremity length.
 

Damaged meniscus is one of the most frequent injuries of the knee, involving damage to the cartilage and ligament tissues on the inside and on the outside of the knee joint responsible for the knee stability and acting as attenuator of impact by the joint loading and movement. The damage often results from the joint displacement or hit. The symptoms include itching pain on the inside or the outside of the knee, knee swelling and limited mobility, especially when stretching the knee. Regarding the mechanical damage complete tear requires operation to prevent further damage to the meniscus and the surrounding cartilage.
 

Broken bones, or tendon tears by injury must be resolved as soon as possible to obtain satisfactory result. For that reason every injury must be treated within 24 hours. The most frequent injuries in sport include tears of knee ligaments, tears of the Achilles tendon, or displacement of the shoulder. The most frequent fractures include fracture of the collarbone, ankle and finger fractures, large bone fractures, such as the hip joint fracture, requiring even short-term hospitalisation in our hospital.
 

Meniscus as the knee stabilisation element of ligament – cartilage nature is located on the outside of the knee. It is often damaged by displacement under long stress. The disorder is manifested by swelling, pain and limited mobility. The typical pain is itchy but may also be dull. The surgery is performed through two 1 cm incisions. One is used for insertion of a video camera and the other for the surgical tool entry. Shortly after the injury the meniscus may be sutured and later it must be removed as a damaged part. The surgery is followed by intensive rehabilitation and as the injury is often connected with cartilage damage outpatient therapy of the cartilage is also needed.
 

Replacement of the hip joint is a demanding surgery involving replacement of both parts of the joint with titanium parts. That is why the term total endo prosthesis (= replacement of the joint cup and head) is used. The surgery is indicated for patients with serious damage and wear of the cartilage and damage to the bone, reports pain, and limited mobility. The purpose of the surgery is to improve the patient ´s quality of life and allow his/her return to sport and everyday activities. potential complications: infections, embolism (artery clogging with a thrombus = coagulate). Failure of the operation may be caused by selection of an inappropriate joint type and its incorrect placement. For the first 6 weeks after the surgery while the joint heals the patient must not exert full load on it and must use two French crutches, continually increasing the load by putting aside one crutch and becoming fully mobile within a couple of months.
If the surgery is performed by an experienced surgeon with the help of trained staff and if the maximum level of sterility is observed then the probability of good result of the operation is high, with more than 20 years of problem-free life of the satisfied patient. Immediately after the surgery intensive rehabilitation is commenced thanks to successfully controlled pain allowing for leaving the hospital in 3 days on the patient ´s own legs and with two French crutches. Any efforts of the team of the operating theatre and excellent care of the hospital staff will be in vain without close cooperation of the patient. For long-term satisfaction of the patient it is therefore necessary for the patient to observe the basic rules of care of his/her artificial joint such as correct body weight keeping and building fitness of the muscles.
 

Displaced disc is caused by overload of the stabilisation apparatus of the body in the spinal area resulting in displacement of an inter-vertebral disc. The displaced disc irritates the nerve endings causing pain and muscle contractions. Following unsuccessful conservative therapy min-invasive therapy is recommended in indicated cases through a mini incision under x-ray control. The surgery involves removal of the displaced disc bringing quick relieve to the patient and early return to work. The surgery requires post-operative care, prevention of overloading and necessary strengthening of the muscles.
 

Shoulder stabilisation is mainly indicated for athletes or for patients after injury involving displacement of the shoulder joint damaging the edge of the joint cup and casing and often also muscles. The stabilisation is most effective soon after the injury and is performed through three 1 cm incisions for insertion of a camera and special instruments and special medical material – anchors – closing the way to the joint displacement, which stabilises the shoulder. After several weeks of fixation rehabilitation for the purpose of muscle strength building follows.
 

If the organism does not accept the foreign material and the material displaces for the reason of infection, poor placement or other damage replacement with another type is necessary. This most often happens to artificial joints which are replaced with other types or more modern joints. The surgery is relatively demanding for it is performed in an area of the body already changed and scared by the previous operation and requires much more systematic preparation of the patient and more extensive experience of the surgeon. This kind of surgery often results in extensive bleeding and more frequent complications. It also includes operations of poorly healing fractures or operations following failed joint stabilisations.
 

Extreme load may also cause hand deformations, resulting in finger stiffening and limited mobility. These disorders are often treated surgically through small incisions under total or local anaesthesia. The surgery relieves the overloaded scared ligaments and may involve small stabilisations in the case of an injury to restore not only the function but also the strength of the hand. Depending on the surgery type the hand is immobilised. Rehabilitation forms an integral part of the therapy.
 

Broken bones, or tendon tears by injury must be resolved as soon as possible to obtain satisfactory result. For that reason every injury must be treated within 24 hours. The most frequent injuries in sport include tears of knee ligaments, tears of the Achilles tendon, or displacement of the shoulder. The most frequent fractures include fracture of the collarbone, ankle and finger fractures, large bone fractures, such as the hip joint fracture, etc.